{"id":49169,"date":"2024-05-23T18:13:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T10:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/49169"},"modified":"2024-05-23T18:13:11","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T10:13:11","slug":"chloramphenicol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/49169","title":{"rendered":"Chloramphenicol","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49168\" src=\"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/561039f2f0824f76b9e9e079284d59b2.gif\" width=\"369\" height=\"255\" alt=\"Chloramphenicol structural formula\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Structural formula<\/p>\n<table class=\"summary-table table table-striped table-bordered\">\n<col width=\"90\" \/>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Business number<\/th>\n<td>017V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Molecular formula<\/th>\n<td>C11H12Cl2N2O5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Molecular weight<\/th>\n<td>323.14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">label<\/th>\n<td>\n<p>                         levomycin,<\/p>\n<p>                         2,2-Dichloro-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]acetamide,<\/p>\n<p>                         fungicides,<\/p>\n<p>                         Genetic engineering research reagents<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul class=\"nav nav-tabs\">\n<li class=\"active\"><a href=\"#bh\">Numbering system<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#wx\">Physical property data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dl\">Toxicological data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#st\">Ecological data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fz\">Molecular structure data<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#js\">Computing chemical data<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"dropdown pull-right\">\n                     <a href=\"\" class=\"dropdown-toggle\">More <span class=\"caret\"><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"dropdown-menu\" role=\"menu\">\n<li><a href=\"#xz\">Properties and Stability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zc\">Storage method<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#hc\">Synthesis method<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#yt\">Purpose<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"bh\">Numbering system<\/h2>\n<p><b>CAS number:<\/b>56-75-7<\/p>\n<p><b>MDL number:<\/b>MFCD00078159<\/p>\n<p><b>EINECS number:<\/b>200-287-4<\/p>\n<p><b>RTECS number:<\/b>AB6825000<\/p>\n<p><b>BRN number:<\/b>2225532<\/p>\n<p><b>PubChem number:<\/b>24892250<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"wx\">Physical property data<\/h2>\n<p>\n     <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>1.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Character: white or slightly yellow  Green needle-like crystals.  <\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>2.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Density (<\/SPAN>  <SPAN>g\/mL,25\/4<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u2103)  \uff1a<\/SPAN><SPAN> <SPAN> <\/SPAN><SPAN>1.474<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>3.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Relative vapor density (<\/SPAN><SPAN>g\/mL,<\/SPAN><SPAN>AIR<\/SPAN><SPAN>=1<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>4.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Melting point (<\/SPAN>  <SPAN>\u00baC<\/SPAN><SPAN>): <\/SPAN><SPAN>150.5-151.5<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u2103<\/SPAN><SPAN>(149.7-150.7<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u2103<\/SPAN><SPAN>)<\/SPAN><SPAN>.  Can sublimate under high vacuum.  <\/SPAN><SPAN>  <\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>5.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Boiling point (<\/SPAN>  <SPAN>\u00baC,<\/SPAN><SPAN>Normal pressure): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>6.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Boiling point (<\/SPAN>  <SPAN>\u00baC,5.2kPa<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>7.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>  Refractive Index: Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>8.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Flashpoint (<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u00baC<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>9.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Specific optical rotation (<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u00ba<\/SPAN><SPAN>):<\/SPAN>  <SPAN>19.5\u00b0 (c=6, EtOH)<\/SPAN><SPAN>  .  <\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN>  <\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>10.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Autoignition point or ignition temperature  (<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u00baC<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Not  OK<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>11.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Vapor pressure (<\/SPAN><SPAN>kPa,25\u00baC<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>12.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Saturation vapor pressure (<\/SPAN><SPAN>kPa,60\u00baC<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>13.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>heat of combustion (<\/SPAN><SPAN>KJ\/mol<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>14.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Critical temperature (<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u00baC<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>15.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Critical Pressure (<\/SPAN><SPAN>KPa<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>16.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Oil and water (octanol<\/SPAN><SPAN>\/<\/SPAN><SPAN>Water) partition coefficient pair  Value: Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN>  <\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>17.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Explosion limit (<\/SPAN><SPAN>%,V\/  V<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Undetermined<\/SPAN><SPAN>  <\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>18.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Lower explosion limit (<\/SPAN><SPAN>%,V\/V<\/SPAN><SPAN>): Not  OK<\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>19.<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Solubility: Slightly soluble in  Water (<\/SPAN><SPAN>2.5mg\/ml<\/SPAN><SPAN>, <\/SPAN><SPAN>25<\/SPAN><SPAN>\u2103)  , slightly soluble in propylene glycol (<\/SPAN><SPAN>150.8mg\/ml<\/SPAN><SPAN>), easily soluble in methanol, ethanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, insoluble in ether, benzene, petroleum ether and vegetable oil.  <\/SPAN><SPAN> <SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\"><SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/P>\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dl\">Toxicological data<\/h2>\n<p>\n     None\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"st\">Ecological data<\/h2>\n<p>\n     None\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"fz\">Molecular structure data<\/h2>\n<p>\n     <SPAN> <\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>1,<SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Molar refractive index:<\/SPAN><SPAN>72.55<\/SPAN><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>2. <SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Molar volume (<\/SPAN><SPAN>m<SUP>3<\/SUP>\/mol<\/SPAN><SPAN>):<\/SPAN><SPAN>208.8<\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>3. <SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>isotonic specific volume (<\/SPAN><SPAN>90.2K<\/SPAN><SPAN>):<\/SPAN><SPAN>595.5<\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>4. <SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Surface Tension (<\/SPAN><SPAN>dyne\/cm<\/SPAN><SPAN>):<\/SPAN><SPAN>66.1<\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN><SPAN>5. <SPAN> <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN>Polarizability<\/SPAN><SPAN>\uff08<\/SPAN><SPAN>10<SUP>-24<\/SUP>cm<SUP>3<\/SUP><\/SPAN><SPAN>): <\/SPAN><SPAN>28.76<\/SPAN><\/P>\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"js\">Compute chemical data<\/h2>\n<p><p>1. Reference value for hydrophobic parameter calculation (XlogP): None<\/P><\/p>\n<p>2. Number of hydrogen bond donors: 3<\/p>\n<p>3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 5<\/p>\n<p>4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 5<\/p>\n<p>5. Number of tautomers: 2<\/p>\n<p>6. Topological molecule polar surface area 115<\/p>\n<p>7. Number of heavy atoms: 20<\/p>\n<p>8. Surface charge: 0<\/p>\n<p>9. Complexity: 342<\/p>\n<p>10. Number of isotope atoms: 0<\/p>\n<p>11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 2<\/p>\n<p>12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n<p>13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0  <\/p>\n<p>14. Number of uncertain chemical bond stereocenters: 0<\/p>\n<p>15. Number of covalent bond units: 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"xz\">Properties and stability<\/h2>\n<p>\n     None\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zc\">Storage method<\/h2>\n<p>\n     <SPAN>This product should be stored in a sealed, cool place away from light.  <\/SPAN>\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"hc\">Synthesis method<\/h2>\n<p>\n     <SPAN>Countries around the world have conducted a large number of studies on the production methods of chloramphenicol, which can be summarized as follows: (<\/SPAN><SPAN>1<\/SPAN><SPAN>) Yes  Nitroacetophenone method; (<\/SPAN><SPAN>2<\/SPAN>  <SPAN>) styrene method; (<\/SPAN><SPAN>3<\/SPAN><SPAN>) Cinnamyl alcohol method; (<\/SPAN><SPAN>4<\/SPAN><SPAN>) p-nitrocinnamic alcohol method; (<\/SPAN><SPAN>5<\/SPAN><SPAN>)  p-Nitrobenzaldehyde method.  my country adopts the p-nitroacetophenone method, which obtains chloramphenicol from ethylbenzene through nitration; oxidation; bromination; salt formation; hydrolysis; acetylation; addition; reduction; decomposition; separation; and dichloroacetylation. .  <\/SPAN><SPAN><BR><BR><\/SPAN>\n     <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"yt\">Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>\n     <P class=\"MsoNormal\"><SPAN>Broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics, used to treat typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever  It is the drug of choice and one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections. It is also used in the treatment of various infectious diseases caused by sensitive microorganisms.  Due to serious adverse reactions, it is used less and less.  <\/SPAN><SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><br \/>\n <P class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"><SPAN>   <\/SPAN><\/P>\n     <\/p>\n<p>     extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/76\">https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/76<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/fascat-4224-catalyst\/\">https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/fascat-4224-catalyst\/<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/44762\">https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/44762<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/114\">https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/category\/products\/page\/114<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/143.jpg\">https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/143.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/44864\">https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/44864<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/75.jpg\">https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/75.jpg<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CS90-catalyst--CS90-polyurethane-catalyst-CS90.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/CS90-catalyst&#8211;CS90-polyurethane-catalyst-CS90.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Dibutyltin-acetate-CAS1067-33-0-tributyltin-oxide.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Dibutyltin-acetate-CAS1067-33-0-tributyltin-oxide.pdf<\/a><\/br>extended-reading:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/64.jpg\">https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/64.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Structural formula Business number 017V Molecular formu&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":49168,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[9190],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49169"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49169\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}