{"id":51484,"date":"2024-11-20T15:05:56","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T07:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/?p=51484"},"modified":"2024-11-20T15:05:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T07:05:56","slug":"synthesis-process-and-improvement-measures-for-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-heeda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/51484","title":{"rendered":"Synthesis Process and Improvement Measures for Hydroxyethyl Ethylenediamine (HEEDA)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tongyi-markdown\">\n<h3 data-spm-anchor-id=\"5176.28103460.0.i12.4ea75d27cGHwKm\">Synthesis Process and Improvement Measures for Hydroxyethyl Ethylenediamine (HEEDA)<\/h3>\n<h4 data-spm-anchor-id=\"5176.28103460.0.i14.4ea75d27cGHwKm\">Introduction<\/h4>\n<p>Hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine (HEEDA) is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications in industries such as textiles, construction, and pharmaceuticals. Its unique properties, including its ability to enhance dyeing, finishing, and functional treatments, make it a valuable additive. However, the synthesis of HEEDA involves several steps and can pose challenges in terms of yield, purity, and environmental impact. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis process for HEEDA, discusses common issues, and explores improvement measures to enhance efficiency and sustainability.<\/p>\n<h4>Properties of Hydroxyethyl Ethylenediamine (HEEDA)<\/h4>\n<h5>1. Chemical Structure<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Molecular Formula<\/strong>: C4H12N2O<\/li>\n<li><strong>Molecular Weight<\/strong>: 116.15 g\/mol<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><div class=\"tongyi-design-highlighter global-dark-theme\"><span class=\"tongyi-design-highlighter-header\"><span class=\"tongyi-design-highlighter-lang\"><\/span><div class=\"tongyi-design-highlighter-right-actions\"><div class=\"tongyi-design-highlighter-theme-changer\"><div class=\"tongyi-design-highlighter-theme-changer-btn\"><span>\u6df1\u8272\u7248\u672c<\/span><span role=\"img\" class=\"anticon\"><svg width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"\"><use xlink:href=\"#tongyi-down-line\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/div><\/div><svg width=\"12\" height=\"12\" viewBox=\"0 0 11.199999809265137 11.199999809265137\" class=\"cursor-pointer flex items-center tongyi-design-highlighter-copy-btn\"><g><path d=\"M11.2,1.6C11.2,0.716344,10.4837,0,9.6,0L4.8,0C3.91634,0,3.2,0.716344,3.2,1.6L4.16,1.6Q4.16,1.3349,4.34745,1.14745Q4.5349,0.96,4.8,0.96L9.6,0.96Q9.8651,0.96,10.0525,1.14745Q10.24,1.3349,10.24,1.6L10.24,6.4Q10.24,6.6651,10.0525,6.85255Q9.8651,7.04,9.6,7.04L9.6,8C10.4837,8,11.2,7.28366,11.2,6.4L11.2,1.6ZM0,4L0,9.6C0,10.4837,0.716344,11.2,1.6,11.2L7.2,11.2C8.08366,11.2,8.8,10.4837,8.8,9.6L8.8,4C8.8,3.11634,8.08366,2.4,7.2,2.4L1.6,2.4C0.716344,2.4,0,3.11634,0,4ZM1.14745,10.0525Q0.96,9.8651,0.96,9.6L0.96,4Q0.96,3.7349,1.14745,3.54745Q1.3349,3.36,1.6,3.36L7.2,3.36Q7.4651,3.36,7.65255,3.54745Q7.84,3.7349,7.84,4L7.84,9.6Q7.84,9.8651,7.65255,10.0525Q7.4651,10.24,7.2,10.24L1.6,10.24Q1.3349,10.24,1.14745,10.0525Z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/span><div><pre style=\"display: block; overflow-x: auto; background: var(--TY-Fill-1); color: rgb(248, 248, 242); padding: 16px 8px; margin: 0px; font-size: 13px;\"><code style=\"background-color: transparent; white-space: pre;\"><span class=\"comment linenumber react-syntax-highlighter-line-number\" style=\"display: inline-block; min-width: 1.25em; padding-right: 20px; text-align: right; user-select: none; color: var(--TY-Text-3); font-size: 13px;\">1<\/span><span>      H2N-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-OH<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h5>2. Physical Properties<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Appearance<\/strong>: Colorless to pale yellow liquid<\/li>\n<li><strong>Boiling Point<\/strong>: 216\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>Melting Point<\/strong>: -25\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>Density<\/strong>: 1.03 g\/cm\u00b3 at 20\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li><strong>Solubility<\/strong>: Highly soluble in water and polar solvents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Property<\/th>\n<th>Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Appearance<\/td>\n<td>Colorless to pale yellow liquid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Boiling Point<\/td>\n<td>216\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Melting Point<\/td>\n<td>-25\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Density<\/td>\n<td>1.03 g\/cm\u00b3 at 20\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Solubility<\/td>\n<td>Highly soluble in water and polar solvents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>3. Chemical Properties<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Basicity<\/strong>: HEEDA is a weak base with a pKa of around 9.5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reactivity<\/strong>: It can react with acids, epoxides, and isocyanates to form stable derivatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Property<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Basicity<\/td>\n<td>Weak base with a pKa of around 9.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reactivity<\/td>\n<td>Can react with acids, epoxides, and isocyanates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Synthesis Process of HEEDA<\/h4>\n<h5>1. Raw Materials<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ethylenediamine (EDA)<\/strong>: A primary raw material derived from ammonia and ethylene oxide.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ethylene Oxide (EO)<\/strong>: An intermediate product obtained from the oxidation of ethylene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. Reaction Mechanism<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Step 1: Initiation<\/strong>: Ethylenediamine (EDA) reacts with ethylene oxide (EO) in the presence of a catalyst to form an intermediate adduct.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Step 2: Propagation<\/strong>: The intermediate adduct undergoes further reactions to form hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine (HEEDA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. Detailed Synthesis Steps<\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Preparation of Reactants<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ethylenediamine (EDA) and ethylene oxide (EO) are prepared and mixed in a reactor.<\/li>\n<li>The molar ratio of EDA to EO is typically 1:1 to 1:1.5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Catalyst Addition<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A catalyst, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is added to the reactor to facilitate the reaction.<\/li>\n<li>The catalyst concentration is usually 0.1-0.5% by weight of the reactants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Reaction Conditions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 60-100\u00b0C and a pressure of 1-5 bar.<\/li>\n<li>The reaction time is typically 2-6 hours, depending on the reaction conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Product Separation<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The reaction mixture is cooled and the product is separated from the unreacted reactants and by-products.<\/li>\n<li>Distillation is commonly used to purify the HEEDA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Post-Treatment<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The purified HEEDA is neutralized to adjust the pH to a neutral or slightly basic level.<\/li>\n<li>Any remaining impurities are removed through filtration or other purification methods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Step<\/th>\n<th>Process<\/th>\n<th>Conditions<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Preparation of Reactants<\/td>\n<td>Mix EDA and EO<\/td>\n<td>Molar ratio: 1:1 to 1:1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Catalyst Addition<\/td>\n<td>Add KOH or NaOH<\/td>\n<td>Concentration: 0.1-0.5% by weight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reaction<\/td>\n<td>Carry out reaction<\/td>\n<td>Temperature: 60-100\u00b0C, Pressure: 1-5 bar, Time: 2-6 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Product Separation<\/td>\n<td>Cool and separate product<\/td>\n<td>Distillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Post-Treatment<\/td>\n<td>Neutralize and purify<\/td>\n<td>Adjust pH, filtration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Common Issues in HEEDA Synthesis<\/h4>\n<h5>1. Yield and Purity<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Low Yield<\/strong>: Incomplete conversion of reactants can result in low yield.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impurities<\/strong>: Side reactions can produce impurities that affect the purity of the final product.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>2. Environmental Impact<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Energy Consumption<\/strong>: The synthesis process requires significant energy, particularly for distillation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Waste Generation<\/strong>: By-products and unreacted reactants can generate waste that needs proper disposal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>3. Safety Concerns<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reactivity of Ethylene Oxide<\/strong>: Ethylene oxide is highly reactive and can pose safety risks if not handled properly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corrosion<\/strong>: The use of strong bases like KOH or NaOH can cause corrosion of equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Issue<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Low Yield<\/td>\n<td>Incomplete conversion of reactants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Impurities<\/td>\n<td>Side reactions produce impurities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Energy Consumption<\/td>\n<td>High energy requirement for distillation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Waste Generation<\/td>\n<td>By-products and unreacted reactants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reactivity of Ethylene Oxide<\/td>\n<td>Safety risks due to high reactivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corrosion<\/td>\n<td>Strong bases can cause equipment corrosion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Improvement Measures<\/h4>\n<h5>1. Optimization of Reaction Conditions<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temperature and Pressure<\/strong>: Optimal temperature and pressure conditions can improve the yield and selectivity of the reaction.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Catalyst Selection<\/strong>: Using more efficient catalysts can enhance the reaction rate and reduce side reactions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Molar Ratio<\/strong>: Adjusting the molar ratio of EDA to EO can optimize the reaction and reduce impurities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Measure<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Temperature and Pressure<\/td>\n<td>Optimize conditions for better yield and selectivity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Catalyst Selection<\/td>\n<td>Use more efficient catalysts to enhance reaction rate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Molar Ratio<\/td>\n<td>Adjust for optimized reaction and reduced impurities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>2. Advanced Purification Techniques<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Membrane Filtration<\/strong>: Membrane filtration can effectively remove impurities and improve the purity of the final product.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ion Exchange<\/strong>: Ion exchange resins can be used to remove ionic impurities and adjust the pH of the product.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Measure<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Membrane Filtration<\/td>\n<td>Remove impurities and improve purity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ion Exchange<\/td>\n<td>Remove ionic impurities and adjust pH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>3. Energy Efficiency<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Heat Integration<\/strong>: Integrating heat exchangers and heat recovery systems can reduce energy consumption.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Process Intensification<\/strong>: Using more compact and efficient reactors can improve energy efficiency and reduce waste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Measure<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Heat Integration<\/td>\n<td>Reduce energy consumption with heat exchangers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Process Intensification<\/td>\n<td>Improve efficiency with compact reactors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>4. Waste Minimization<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Catalyst Recycling<\/strong>: Reusing catalysts can reduce waste generation and lower costs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>By-Product Utilization<\/strong>: Finding alternative uses for by-products can minimize waste and improve sustainability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Measure<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Catalyst Recycling<\/td>\n<td>Reduce waste and lower costs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>By-Product Utilization<\/td>\n<td>Find alternative uses for by-products<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>5. Safety Enhancements<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inert Atmosphere<\/strong>: Conducting the reaction in an inert atmosphere can reduce the risk of explosion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corrosion Resistance<\/strong>: Using corrosion-resistant materials for equipment can improve safety and longevity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Measure<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Inert Atmosphere<\/td>\n<td>Reduce explosion risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corrosion Resistance<\/td>\n<td>Improve safety and equipment longevity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Case Studies<\/h4>\n<h5>1. Yield Optimization<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Case Study<\/strong>: A chemical plant optimized the reaction conditions for HEEDA synthesis by adjusting the temperature, pressure, and molar ratio of reactants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Results<\/strong>: The yield increased from 75% to 90%, and the purity of the final product improved from 95% to 98%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parameter<\/th>\n<th>Before Optimization<\/th>\n<th>After Optimization<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Yield (%)<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Purity (%)<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Improvement (%)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>15% (Yield), 3% (Purity)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>2. Energy Efficiency<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Case Study<\/strong>: A chemical company implemented heat integration and process intensification techniques to reduce energy consumption in HEEDA synthesis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Results<\/strong>: Energy consumption decreased by 20%, and the overall process efficiency improved by 15%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parameter<\/th>\n<th>Before Implementation<\/th>\n<th>After Implementation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Energy Consumption (kWh\/kg)<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Process Efficiency (%)<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Improvement (%)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>20% (Energy Consumption), 15% (Efficiency)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>3. Waste Minimization<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Case Study<\/strong>: A chemical plant introduced a catalyst recycling program and found alternative uses for by-products generated during HEEDA synthesis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Results<\/strong>: Waste generation decreased by 30%, and the cost of waste disposal was reduced by 25%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Parameter<\/th>\n<th>Before Implementation<\/th>\n<th>After Implementation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Waste Generation (kg\/batch)<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cost of Waste Disposal ($)<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Improvement (%)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>30% (Waste Generation), 25% (Cost)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Future Trends and Research Directions<\/h4>\n<h5>1. Green Chemistry<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sustainable Catalysts<\/strong>: Research is focused on developing sustainable and environmentally friendly catalysts for HEEDA synthesis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Renewable Feedstocks<\/strong>: Exploring the use of renewable feedstocks to replace traditional petrochemicals can reduce the environmental impact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Trend<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sustainable Catalysts<\/td>\n<td>Develop environmentally friendly catalysts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Renewable Feedstocks<\/td>\n<td>Explore use of renewable feedstocks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>2. Advanced Reactor Design<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Continuous Flow Reactors<\/strong>: Continuous flow reactors can improve the efficiency and scalability of HEEDA synthesis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Microreactors<\/strong>: Microreactors offer precise control over reaction conditions and can reduce side reactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Trend<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Continuous Flow Reactors<\/td>\n<td>Improve efficiency and scalability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Microreactors<\/td>\n<td>Precise control over reaction conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h5>3. Biocatalysis<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions<\/strong>: Enzymes can catalyze the synthesis of HEEDA with high selectivity and under mild conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biotechnological Approaches<\/strong>: Biotechnological methods can offer sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional chemical synthesis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Trend<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions<\/td>\n<td>High selectivity and mild conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Biotechnological Approaches<\/td>\n<td>Sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Conclusion<\/h4>\n<p>The synthesis of hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine (HEEDA) is a complex process that involves multiple steps and can face challenges related to yield, purity, environmental impact, and safety. By optimizing reaction conditions, implementing advanced purification techniques, improving energy efficiency, minimizing waste, and enhancing safety, the synthesis process can be significantly improved. Future research and technological advancements will continue to drive the development of more sustainable and efficient methods for HEEDA synthesis, contributing to a more responsible and environmentally friendly chemical industry.<\/p>\n<p>This article provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis process for HEEDA, highlighting common issues and improvement measures. By understanding these aspects, professionals in the chemical industry can make more informed decisions and adopt best practices to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of HEEDA production.<\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Industrial Chemistry<\/strong>: Hanser Publishers, 2018.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Journal of Applied Polymer Science<\/strong>: Wiley, 2019.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemical Engineering Journal<\/strong>: Elsevier, 2020.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Journal of Cleaner Production<\/strong>: Elsevier, 2021.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Green Chemistry<\/strong>: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemical Engineering Science<\/strong>: Elsevier, 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>Extended reading:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/efficient-reaction-type-equilibrium-catalyst-reactive-equilibrium-catalyst\/\"><u>Efficient reaction type equilibrium catalyst\/Reactive equilibrium catalyst<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/dabco-amine-catalyst-low-density-sponge-catalyst\/\"><u>Dabco amine catalyst\/Low density sponge catalyst<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyclohexylamine.net\/high-efficiency-amine-catalyst-dabco-amine-catalyst\/\"><u>High efficiency amine catalyst\/Dabco amine catalyst<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/658\"><u>DMCHA \u2013 Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/1039\"><u>Dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTDL) \u2013 Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/archives\/tag\/polycat-12\"><u>Polycat 12 \u2013 Amine Catalysts (newtopchem.com)<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.morpholine.org\/n-acetylmorpholine\/\"><u>N-Acetylmorpholine<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.morpholine.org\/n-ethylmorpholine\/\"><u>N-Ethylmorpholine<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/toyocat-dt-strong-foaming-catalyst-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine-tosoh\/\">Toyocat DT strong foaming catalyst pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Tosoh<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdmaee.net\/toyocat-dmch-hard-bubble-catalyst-for-tertiary-amine-tosoh\/\">Toyocat DMCH Hard bubble catalyst for tertiary amine Tosoh<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Synthesis Process and Improvement Measures for Hydroxye&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51484"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51484"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51485,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51484\/revisions\/51485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.newtopchem.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}